The Hidden Risks of Pill Swallowing: More Dangerous Than It Seems

Adam Taylor, a professor at Lancaster University in the United Kingdom, warns in an article written for The Conversation that the common act of swallowing pills may conceal little-known risks.

The medical condition known as medication-induced esophagitis occurs when a pill fails to reach the stomach and becomes lodged in the esophagus. There, its active ingredients can cause burns and irritation to the delicate tissue of this section of the digestive tract.

Recognizing the Symptoms

The symptoms of this condition often appear suddenly and include acute pain behind the breastbone, difficulty swallowing, and, in some cases, hoarseness or a change in voice. While minor discomfort usually subsides after stopping the medication and correcting the method of ingestion, more serious complications can include ulcers capable of causing infections and even death.

Who is at Greater Risk?

According to Taylor, the estimated incidence of esophagitis is 3.9 cases per 100,000 people per year. However, he emphasizes that this disorder is likely underestimated, as many mild cases resolve without medical attention.

Among those at higher risk are middle-aged women, as they frequently take medications, as well as older adults, due to increased difficulty in pills passing from the esophagus to the stomach. Individuals with conditions that alter the position or size of organs near the esophagus, such as an enlarged heart or thyroid, are also exposed to this danger. Although children are generally less affected by esophagitis, their smaller anatomy, difficulty swallowing, and inexperience in taking medication increase the likelihood of a pill becoming stuck.

Which Medications Could Cause the Most Harm?

Some of the medications or supplements that most frequently cause damage are bisphosphonates for osteoporosis, certain antibiotics like tetracycline, and anti-inflammatories such as aspirin or ibuprofen. Natural and dietary supplements like potassium chloride tablets, caffeine capsules, and vitamins are also common culprits.

Taylor recommends simple measures to prevent esophagitis, such as taking pills with plenty of water, remaining upright for at least 30 minutes after swallowing them, and consulting about alternative options if using medications that increase the risk of this condition.